But in frequent law international locations, where issues usually are not constitutional, the judiciary may also create law under the doctrine of precedent. The UK, Finland and New Zealand assert the ideal of parliamentary sovereignty, whereby the unelected judiciary may not overturn law passed by a democratic legislature. Ancient India and China represent distinct traditions of law, and have traditionally had impartial schools of authorized theory and practice. The Arthashastra, most likely compiled around a hundred AD , and the Manusmriti (c. 100–300 AD) were foundational treatises in India, and comprise texts thought of authoritative legal steerage. Manu’s central philosophy was tolerance and pluralism, and was cited throughout Southeast Asia. During the Muslim conquests within the Indian subcontinent, sharia was established by the Muslim sultanates and empires, most notably Mughal Empire’s Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, compiled by emperor Aurangzeb and numerous students of Islam.

• The use of statistical methods in court instances and